Aristolochia serpentaria Birthwort. Rappahannock used a poultice of crushed roots, Alabamas crushed leaves, for snakebite. Choctaw for stomach pain; Cherokee as abortifacient, breast pain, headache and rheumatism.

Austin, Daniel, F. (2004) Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press.

Banned.

Can cause irritation to the GI tract and kidneys, coma, respiratory failure and death. Aristolochic acid is carcinogenic and nephrotoxic. Banned substance in herbal medicine worldwide.

Northern America, Eastern Canada

Northern America, Northeastern U.S.A.

Northern America, Southeastern U.S.A.