Active princile: all parts: several cardenolides (purpurea glycoside, lanatoside, digitoxin, digoxin).

Wink, M. (2009). Mode of Action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants. Mitt. Julius Kuhn-Inst. 421:93-111. p.99

Class 1a. Extremely hazardous: cardiac glycosides inhibit Na+,K+-ATPase, typical cardiac glycoside intoxication, vomiting, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, severe headache, irregular heartbeat and pulse, convulsions, CNS disturbance, cardiac arrest, sudden death.

Wink, M. (2009). Mode of Action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants. Mitt. Julius Kuhn-Inst. 421:93-111. p.99

Europe, Southwestern Europe, Spain